中空纤维膜液相微萃取技术及其应用进展

中空纤维膜液相微萃取技术是一种集采样、萃取和浓缩于一体,环境友好的样品前处理技术。本文介绍了多孔中空纤维膜的结构特点、微萃取装置以及萃取模式,对影响其萃取效果的因素加以分析,同时介绍了中空纤维膜液相微萃取技术在环境和生物体液等样品中的应用。     

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance Promoted by Tin in Silica Anode Materials for Stable and High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries

Although the silicon oxide (SiO₂) as an anode material shows potential and promise for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to its high capacity, low cost, abundance, and safety, severe capacity decay and sluggish charge transfer during the discharge–charge process has caused a serious challenge for available applications. Herein, a novel 3D porous silicon oxide@Pourous Carbon@Tin (SiO₂@Pc@Sn) composite anode material was firstly designed and synthesized by freeze-drying and thermal-melting self-assembly, in which SiO₂ microparticles were encapsulated in the porous carbon as well as Sn nanoballs being uniformly dispersed in the SiO₂@Pc-like sesame seeds, effectively constructing a robust and conductive 3D porous Jujube cake-like architecture that is beneficial for fast ion transfer and high structural stability. Such a SiO₂@Pc@Sn micro-nano hierarchical structure as a LIBs anode exhibits a large reversible specific capacity ~520 mAh·g⁻¹, initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) ~52%, outstanding rate capability, and excellent cycling stability over 100 cycles. Furthermore, the phase evolution and underlying electrochemical mechanism during the charge–discharge process were further uncovered by cyclic voltammetry (CV) investigation.     

Combustion Synthesis of Porous TiC/Ti Composite by a Self-Propagating Mode

Porous titanium carbide (TiC) and TiC/Ti composites were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Titanium and carbon powders were blended by various Ti/C blending ratios. The heat of reaction between titanium and carbon was high enough to induce the self-sustaining reaction of TiC formation on condition that some processing parameters (Ti/C ratio and porosity of the precursor) were appropriately selected. When the Ti/C blending ratio was high, the excess amount of titanium absorbed the heat of reaction. Consequently, the heated zone was not heated up to the ignition temperature. On the other hand, when the Ti/C ratio was low, high thermal conductivity of the precursor prevented an ignition of the heated side of precursors. The pore morphology was controlled by changing the Ti/C ratio and the preheat temperature.     

Progress of Application Researches of Porous Fiber Metals

Metal fiber porous materials with intrinsic properties of metal and functional properties of porous materials have received a great deal of attention in the fundamental research and industry applications. With developments of the preparation technologies and industrial requirements, porous fiber metals with excellent properties are developed and applied in many industry areas, e.g., sound absorption, heat transfer, energy absorption and lightweight structures. The applied research progress of the metal fiber porous materials in such application areas based on the recent work in our group was reviewed in this paper.     

A Histopathologic Study of Orbital Implant Vascularization

Purpose: To histopathologically assess the extent and pattern of vascularization of explanted porous polyethylene (PP) and hyrdoxyapatite (HA) orbital implants. To compare the vascularization in PP implants harvested after enucleation versus after evisceration. Methods: This is a comparative case series of six orbital implants explanted between 11 months and 5 years and 4 months post implantation. The implants were subjected to histopathological examination with various stains, after complete decalcification. Results: There were 2 post evisceration, 3 post enucleation and 1 secondary implant. The size of the implants varied from 18 to 23 mm diameter. The reason for explantation was exposure in all the 6 cases with additional infection in 2 cases. Histopathology revealed complete vascularization up to the core of the implant in all the cases. There was evidence of chronic inflammation within all the explanted specimens. Acute inflammation was present at the site of exposure in four of the implants. Three of these implants had additional evidence of necrosis. Two cases with clinically evident infection had Gram positive cocci within the implant. Foreign-body type giant-cells, melanophages and haemosiderin laden macrophages were also observed. Eviscerated specimens showed scleral remodelling and thickening. Conclusion: All the implants were vascularized up to the core. There was histologic evidence of chronic inflammation in all the explanted implants possibly indicating the foreign nature of the implant material. The sclera did not impede vascularization of the implants in eviscerated specimens. We found no difference in the degree of vascularization of the implant in enucleated versus eviscerated implants.     

Sphere梯度孔结构力学性能有限元分析

建立不同孔径分布的钛合金梯度多孔结构的三维有限元模型,对力学性能进行分析。使用Rhino 5.0和ABAQUS 6.1软件,分别建立sphere、sphere_line、sphere_plane、sphere_point等4种按不同梯度分布的多孔结构有限元模型。对模型分别加载200、400、600、800、1000 N的力,加载力作用于上表面,方向垂直于表面向下,选定下表面为固定约束,计算等效应力及最大主应力。在加载力相同的情况下,sphere_plane梯度孔模型的最大主应力及最大等效应力最大;其次为sphere_point梯度孔模型,较sphere_plane梯度孔模型小42.49%和23.61%;sphere_line梯度孔模型再次之,较sphere_plane梯度孔模型小47.60%和33.12%;sphere无梯度孔模型的最大主应力及最大等效应力最小,较sphere_plane梯度孔模型小68.44%和54.13%。在4种不同梯度孔径分布的多孔结构中,sphere无梯度孔结构的实际受力最小、承载能力最好,其次是sphere_line梯度孔结构,再次是sphere_point梯度孔结构次之,sphere_plane梯度孔结构实际受力最大,其承载能力相比前3种要差。最后通过快速原型对设计出的4种模型进行制备,得到多孔钛合金实体,并对实体进行力学性能测试实验,得出的结论可验证数值模拟分析结果的可靠性。该研究结果可为多孔钛合金植入体设计以及临床应用提供相关设计参考和理论依据。     

多孔钛腰椎融合器在不同入路椎间融合术中的生物力学性能

目的探究采用多孔融合器在不同入路腰椎融合术的生物力学性能。方法建立完整腰椎三维有限模型,通过实验方法获得多孔材料的力学参数。针对多孔融合器在前路腰椎椎间融合术(anterior lumbar interbody fusion, ALIF)、后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF)、经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)和直接外侧椎体间融合术(direct lateral interbody fusion, DLIF)中的生物力学性能进行对比研究。结果在施行椎间融合术后,DLIF、ALIF模型预测的活动度(range of motion, ROM)和融合器应力明显低于PLIF、TLIF模型,DLIF、ALIF和TLIF模型预测的终板应力明显低于PILF模型。结论采用多孔融合器的DLIF模型显示出较优的生物力学性能,而且在临床过程中操作简单适于微创术式。DLIF手术具有更优的综合性能。     

Total Knee Arthroplasty with an Uncemented Trabecular Metal Tibial Component : A Registry-Based Analysis

Previous poor results have kept the appeal of uncemented total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) minimal. We analyzed the mid-term survivorship and reasons for failures of a contemporary uncemented porous tantalum monoblock tibial component nation-wide. During the study period (2003–2010), such tibial components were used in 1143 primary TKAs recorded in the Finnish Arthroplasty Registry. Seven-year survivorship of these TKAs was 100% (95% CI 99–100) with revision for aseptic loosening of the tibial component, and 97% (95% CI 96–98) with revision for any reason as the respective end points. The most common reasons for revisions were instability and prosthetic joint infections. In conclusion, TKAs using an uncemented porous tantalum monoblock tibial component showed excellent mid-term survivorship in a population-based setting.